Lesson on Air Pollution
به فایل شنیداری این بخش گوش کنید، سپس به سؤالات زیر پاسخ دهید.
 

True/False
پس از شنیدن متن بالا سؤالات زیر را پاسخ دهید. برای موارد صحیح T و موارد نادرست F را انتخاب کنید.

1. Scientists say air pollution leads to big reductions in intelligence. T / F
2. Scientists said pollution reduced language and arithmetic test scores. T / F
3. Scientists conducted the research over a four-year period. T / F
4. Around 20,000 teenagers took a test in the research. T / F
5. About 91% of people live in ashortcuts reas with very polluted air. T / F
6. Air pollution is the biggest cause of death worldwide. T / F
7. Scientists said air pollution caused a loss of 10 years' education. T / F
8. A researcher said there were plenty of to solve this problem. T / F
Answer key
1 T   2 T   3 T   4 F   5 T   6 F   7 F   8 F

Scientists have revealed that air pollution may be responsible for a significant reduction in intelligence. Research conducted for the World Health Organization (WHO) in China showed that air pollution was responsible for notable falls in student test scores for languages and arithmetic. The Chinese study is called, "The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance". It was published in a journal called, "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences". The study took place over a period of four years. Researchers analyzed verbal and arithmetic tests taken by 20,000 people of all ages. They said: "Polluted air may impede cognitive ability as people become older."

Researchers say their study is a warning to the rest of the world, especially to those who live in cities. The WHO says over 91 per cent of the world population live in areas with toxic air. Air pollution is currently the fourth highest cause of deaths worldwide. The researchers discovered that the longer people were exposed to polluted air, the greater was the damage to their intelligence. They equated the impact of air pollution to losing a year's worth of education. For those aged over 60, this could be the equivalent of several years of lost education. Researcher Dr Xi Chen warned: "There is no shortcut to solve this issue. Governments really need to take concrete measures to reduce air pollution."
 
 

Vocabulary

 Paragraph 1

      1. revealed a. The action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.
      2. significant b. Delay or prevent someone or something by obstructing them.
      3. arithmetic c. Made previously unknown or secret information known to others.
      4. impact d. The area of mathematics dealing with adding, subtracting, dividing and multiplying numbers.
      5. exposure e. Great or important enough to be worthy of attention.
      6. cognitive f. The state of having contact with something.
      7. impede g. About the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

    Paragraph 2

      8. toxic h. At the present time.
      9. currently i. Caused someone to experience or be at risk of.
      10. exposed j. An accelerated or quickened way of doing or achieving something.
      11. equated k. Poisonous.
      12. equivalent l. Specific; definite.
      13. shortcut m. Equal in value, amount, function, meaning, etc.
      14. concrete n. Considered or thought one thing to be the same as or similar to another thing.

 
Answer key
1. c    2. e    3. d    4. a    5. f    6. g    7. b    8. k    9. h    10. i    11. n   12. n    13. j    14. l

Synonym Match

  1. effect

  2. lessen

  3. hinder

  4. poisonous

  5. serious

  6. issued

  7. shown

  8. work out

  9. timeframe

  10. caution

 

  1. revealed

  2. significant

  3. impact

  4. period

  5. impede

  6. warning

  7. toxic

  8. published

  9. solve

  10. reduce

 
Answer key
1. revealed/shown  2. significant/serious   3. impact/effect   4. period/timeframe   5. impede/hinder   6. warning/caution                  7. toxic/poisonous   8. published/issued   9. solve/ work out   10. reduce/lessen

Phrase Match
بخش سمت چپ جمله را با استفاده از عبارات سمت راست کامل کنید.
  1. worth of education
  2. period of four years
  3. become older
  4. measures
  5. student test scores
  6. solve this issue
  7. rest of the world
  8. in intelligence
  9. toxic air
  10. performance

 

  1. responsible for a significant reduction

  2. notable falls in

  3. cognitive

  4. The study took place over a

  5. impede cognitive ability as people

  6. their study is a warning to the

  7. live in areas with

  8. losing a year's

  9. There is no shortcut to

  10. Governments really need to take concrete

 

Gap Fill
کلمات زیر را در جاهای خالی مناسب قرار دهید.
responsible
journal
older
revealed
cognitive
impede
arithmetic
period
 

Scientists have (1) ____________ that air pollution may be responsible for a significant reduction in intelligence. Research conducted for the World Health Organization (WHO) in China showed that air pollution was (2) ____________ for notable falls in student test scores for languages and (3) ____________. The Chinese study is called, "The impact of exposure to air pollution on (4) ____________ performance". It was published in a (5) ____________ called, "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences". The study took place over a (6) ____________ of four years. Researchers analyzed verbal and arithmetic tests taken by 20,000 people of all ages. They said: "Polluted air may (7) ____________ cognitive ability as people become (8) ____________."

cause
impact
concrete
rest
several
toxic
exposed
worth
 

Researchers say their study is a warning to the (9) ____________ of the world, especially to those who live in cities. The WHO says over 91 per cent of the world population live in areas with (10) ____________ air. Air pollution is currently the fourth highest (11) ____________ of deaths worldwide. The researchers discovered that the longer people were (12) ____________ to polluted air, the greater was the damage to their intelligence. They equated the (13) ____________ of air pollution to losing a year's (14) ____________ of education. For those aged over 60, this could be the equivalent of (15) ____________ years of lost education. Researcher Dr Xi Chen warned: "There is no shortcut to solve this issue. Governments really need to take (16) ____________ measures to reduce air pollution."

 

Comprehension questions
سؤالات زیر را طبق متن بالا جواب دهید.

1. In which country was the research conducted?
2. In what two subjects did the scientists say test scores fell in?
3. Where was the study published?
4. How long was the study?
5. How old were the people who took part in the research?
6. What percentage of people in the world lives in areas with toxic air?
7. What is currently the fourth highest cause of death worldwide?
8. What was the equivalent loss of education caused by air pollution?
9. Who might lose several years of education because of air pollution?
10. What did a researcher say governments needed to take?
 

Answer keys

1. China   2. languages and arithmetic   3. In a journal  4. Four years   5. All ages   6. Over 91 %   7. Air pollution   8. One year's worth of education   9. The over-60s   10. Concrete measures

Multiple choice quiz
پاسخ صحیح را انتخاب کنید.

1) Scientists have revealed that air pollution may be responsible ______ reduction
a. for a significance
b. for a signify can't
c. for a sign if I can't
d. for a significant


2) air pollution was responsible for notable falls in student ______
a. tests scores
b. test cores
c. test scores
d. tests cores


3) The impact of exposure to air pollution ______ performance
a. on cognitive
b. on cognitively
c. in cognitive
d. an cognitive


4) Researchers analyzed verbal and arithmetic tests taken by 20,000 people ______
a. of all ages
b. off all ages
c. of all age is
d. of awl ages


5) Polluted air may impede cognitive ability as people ______
a. became older
b. become older
c. becomes older
d. become moldier

6) The WHO says over 91 per cent of the world population live in areas ______
a. with toxic air
b. with toxicity air
c. with tock sic air
d. with tock sick air


7) The researchers discovered that the longer people were ______ air
a. exposed two pollute it
b. exposed to polluted
c. exposed too polluted
d. exposed to pollute it


8) They equated the impact of air pollution to losing a ______ education
a. year's worth off
b. year is worth of
c. year is worthy of
d. year's worth of


9) this could be the equivalent of several years of ______
a. loss education
b. lose educational
c. lost educational
d. lost education


10) Governments really need to take concrete measures ______ pollution
a. to redact air
b. to re-deuce air
c. to re-juice air
d. to reduce air

Answer key

1. a    2. c    3. d    4. b    5. a    6. d    7. c    8. b    9. c    10. b

 

Cloze (Gap fill)

Scientists have (1) ____ that air pollution may be responsible for a significant reduction in intelligence. Research conducted for the World Health Organization (WHO) in China showed that air pollution was responsible for notable falls (2) ____ student test scores for languages and arithmetic. The Chinese study is called, "The impact of exposure to air pollution on (3) ____ performance". It was published in a journal called, "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences". The study took (4) ____ over a period of four years. Researchers analyzed verbal and arithmetic tests taken (5) ____ 20,000 people of all ages. They said: "Polluted air may impede cognitive ability (6) ____ people become older."

Researchers say their study is a warning to the (7) ____ of the world, especially to those who live in cities. The WHO says over 91 per cent of the world population live in areas with (8) ____ air. Air pollution is currently the fourth highest cause of deaths worldwide. The researchers discovered that the (9) ____ people were exposed to polluted air, the greater was the damage (10) ____ their intelligence. They equated the impact of air pollution to losing a year's worth of education. For those aged over 60, this could be the equivalent (11) ____ several years of lost education. Researcher Dr Xi Chen warned: "There is no shortcut to (12) ____ this issue. Governments really need to take concrete measures to reduce air pollution."

Which of these words go in the above text?

  1. (a)     revelation     (b)     revealed     (c)     revealing     (d)     reveal    

  2. (a)     on     (b)     in     (c)     at     (d)     by    

  3. (a)     dynamic     (b)     predictive     (c)     implicit     (d)     cognitive    

  4. (a)     location     (b)     place     (c)     site     (d)     area    

  5. (a)     of     (b)     by     (c)     as     (d)     on    

  6. (a)     has     (b)     is     (c)     as     (d)     was    

  7. (a)     best     (b)     lest     (c)     rest     (d)     west    

  8. (a)     taxing     (b)     pristine     (c)     toxic     (d)     hydrated    

  9. (a)     longing     (b)     lengthy     (c)     long     (d)     longer    

  10. (a)     at     (b)     by     (c)     of     (d)     to    

  11. (a)     of     (b)     at     (c)     on     (d)     as    

  12. (a)     solution     (b)     suave     (c)     solve     (d)     shave
 

Insert vowels (a, e, i, o, u)
 

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